Passive Voice

1.	Simple present	Active passive		We OB on RCTI		watched is watched	OB on RCTI (by us)	everyday. everyday.
2.	Simple past	Active passive		Rita A letter		wrote was written	a letter by Rita	yesterday. yesterday.
3.	Simple Future	Active passive		My family A villa		will rent will be rent	a villa by my family	for holiday. for holiday.
When rewriting active sentences in passive voice, note the following: · the object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence · the finite form of the verb is changed (to be + past participle) · the subject of the active sentence becomes the object of the passive sentence (or is dropped)
Agent In a passive clause, we usually use a phrase beginning with by if we want to mention the agent - the person or thing that does the action, or that causes what happens. Examples: My mother makes sandwich every morning. Subject verb1+s/es O C (adv. of time) Sandwich is made by my mother every morning. Subject to be+V3 Agent C (adv. of time)
present continuous : [ S + to be + being +V3 (past participle) present perfect: [ S + has/have + been + V3 (past participle)
present continuous			Active Passive		A young boy is catching a butterfly. A butterfly is being caught by a young boy.
present perfect			Active Passive		Yano has returned the book to the library. The book has been returned to the library by Yano.
If you want to change an active sentence which has two objects into its passive forms, there are two ways: 1. Make its indirect object into the subject of the passive sentence. 2. Make its direct object into the subject of the passive sentence.
Examples: Active:			John is giving his girl-friend a bunch of flower. indirect object direct object
Passive: The indirect object as the subject			John’s girl-friend is being given a bunch of flower.
Passive: The direct object as the subject			A bunch of flower is being given to John’s girl-friend.

News Item: is factual text which informs the readers about events of the day which are considered newsworthy or important.

Social function of news item is: to inform readers, listeners or viewers about events of the day which are considered newsworthy or important.

Generic structure:

v Newsworthy Event(s): recounts the events in summary form

v Background Event(s): elaborate what happened, to WHOM, in WHAT circumstances.

v Sources: comments by participants in, witnesses to and authorities’ expert on the event.

Significant Grammar Features:

± Short, telegraphic information about story captured in headline

± Generally using Simple Past Tense

± Use of Material Processes to retell the event

± Using Action Verbs, e.g.: were, run, go, kill, etc.

± Using Saying Verbs, e.g.: say, tell

± Focus on Circumstances

± Use of projecting Verbal Processes in Sources stages

There are some rules that can help to make newspaper headlines more comprehensible.

1. The passive voice is used without the appropriate form of “be”.

Example: Town ‘Contaminated’

Complete Sentence: Town is contaminated.

2. It is unusual to find complex forms, generally the simple present form is used

Example: Fire Destroys over 2,511 acres of Forest in 2003-2004

Complete Sentence: Fire has destroyed over 2,511 acres of forest in 2003-2004.

3. The present progressive tense is used, usually to describe something that is changing or developing, but the auxiliary verb is usually left out.

Example: World Heading for Energy Crisis

Complete Sentence: The world is heading for an energy crisis.

4. To refer to the future, headlines often use the infinitive.

Example: Queen to Visit Samoa.

Complete Sentence: The Queen is going to visit Samoa.

5. Headlines are not always complete sentences.

Example: More earthquakes in Japan.

Complete Sentence: More earthquakes happened in Japan.

A Korean Force of Nature

Newsworthy event	In just three years, Korean pop star Rain Has built a huge domestic following of (mostly) female fans with a string of chart-topping singles, and now he’s ready to branch out overseas.
Background events	Rain picked up MTV Asia prizes this year, played his first solo concert in Japan in July and has lined up sold-out gigs in Hong Kong and Tokyo. But the engine of Korean pop-culture dominance in Asia is the soap opera, which is why Rain is forecast for TV this fall. The decidedly boyish singer will play a macho K-1 fighter who falls for his brother’s lover in a series tentatively titled A Loved to Kill. Though the show is set to air first in Korea this October, the astounding popularity of Korean TV dramas around the region means that the pop star could soon become a familiar face throughout Asia. But why stop there? Rain’s managers believe he could be the first Korean star to break into the U.S. market. Park Jin Young, the pop impresario who discovered and trained Rain, is a talented dancer and songwriter who has worked with U.S. artists like Mase and Will Smith. Since setting up camp in Los Angeles last year, Park has been shopping his protégé around to U.S. production companies. Rain almost managed to score a track on rapper Lil’ Kim’s latest album–but the plan fell apart after Kim was convicted of perjury and had to start serving a jail term, according to Jimmy Jeong, an executive at Rain’s management company.
Sources	Just a minor setback, says Jeong: “We’re targeting the global market. Rain’s too big for Asia.”

Snow Maiden

Once upon a time there lived a couple in a village. They had got married for a long time, but so far they did not have a baby yet. Every single minute they prayed to God, begged for a baby, but it never came true.
One day, they went to snow mountain. They made a girl from snow and they dressed her beautifully. When it got dark, they decided to go home and left the snow girl alone. The following morning, someone knocked the door. "Any body home?” she said. The old woman inside opened the door and asked, "Who are you?" The girl said "I'm Snow Maiden, your daughter". The old woman was surprised and happy, "Oh, really? Thanks God! Come in, please!" Since that meeting, they lived happily.
Snow Maiden was beautiful, kind, diligent and helpful. Her parents and all of her friends loved her very much. One day, Snow Maiden played with her friends. They played fire. At first, Snow Maiden just looked at their play. Suddenly, her friends asked her to jump on the fire. Of course she refused it because one thing that made her afraid was the fire. It's because Snow Maiden was made of snow, so she should avoid the fire. But her friends kept on forcing her to jump on. Finally, she could not do anything then she did it. She jumped on the fire and she melted. Her friends were so sorry about this, they cried and cried hoping Snow Maiden could live again, but it was useless. Snow Maiden would not be back anymore. Her mother tried to entertain Snow Maiden's friends and asked them to make a new Snow Maiden. They went to a snow mountain and started making it. They expected to have the new Snow Maiden. Days passed but their dreams never came true.
Poor them!

Narrative text is a text which contains about story (fiction/non fiction/tales/folktales/ fables/myths/epic) and in its plot consists of climax of the story (complication) then followed by the resolution.

Generic Structures: Orientation - Complication - Evaluation (optional) - Resolution

Orientation: it is about WHO, WHEN, and WHERE the story happened.

Evaluation: is optional; it is usually used to make the story more interesting.

Complication: it is about the conflict or the big problem of the story. Complication is the part of the story in which there is a conflict among the characters of the story (it is possible to make more than one conflict in a complication), and it is the climax of the story (the big problem in the story). A story can have more than one complication.

Resolution: it is the solution of the problem. It can be a happy or sad ending. In Resolution, the solution or the way out of the conflict/ the big problem must be written.

Coda: it is the change of one of the character or two, or the meaning of the story that can be caught as a moral value of life.

Example: The story of Cinderella, Snow White, Snow Maiden, The Little Pear Girl, The Ugly Duckling, etc.

Prepositions of Time: at, in, on

We use:

* at for a PRECISE TIME
* in for MONTHS, YEARS, CENTURIES and LONG PERIODS
* on for DAYS and DATES

At in on
PRECISE TIME MONTHS, YEARS, CENTURIES and LONG PERIODS DAYS and DATES
at 3 o'clock in May on Sunday
at 10.30am in summer on Tuesdays
at noon in the summer on 6 March
at dinnertime in 1990 on 25 Dec. 2010
at bedtime in the 1990s on Christmas Day
at sunrise in the next century on Independence Day
at sunset in the Ice Age on my birthday
at the moment in the past/future on New Year's Eve

Look at these examples:

* I have a meeting at 9am.
* The shop closes at midnight.
* Jane went home at lunchtime.
* In England, it often snows in December.
* Do you think we will go to Jupiter in the future?
* There should be a lot of progress in the next century.
* Do you work on Mondays?
* Her birthday is on 20 November.
* Where will you be on New Year's Day?

Notice the use of the preposition of time at in the following standard expressions:
Expression Example
at night The stars shine at night.
at the weekend I don't usually work at the weekend.
at Christmas/Easter I stay with my family at Christmas.
at the same time We finished the test at the same time.
at present He's not home at present. Try later.

Notice the use of the prepositions of time in and on in these common expressions:
in on
in the morning on Tuesday morning
in the mornings on Saturday mornings
in the afternoon(s) on Sunday afternoons
in the evening(s) on Monday evening

When we say last, next, every, this we do not also use at, in, on.

* I went to London last June. (not in last June)
* He's coming back next Tuesday. (not on next Tuesday)
* I go home every Easter. (not at every Easter)
* We'll call you this evening. (not in this evening)

salam hangat untuk halaman pertama...!!!

hai bero..!!! what's up you all??
kenalin gue sena, tapi panggil ja gue ni sean.
mupung tugas e-prembone ni belum selesai jadi ni gue kenalin e-prembone punya gue.
tapi biasalah masih awam-awam punk, makanya masih pada kacau semuanya, jadi tolong jangan pada marah ya, because, new beginnings is full of mistakes and if we fix these errors then it is wrong for a long time will get better

Happiness Expression

Definition of Happiness Expression :

Happiness Expression is an expression that is used to show that someone or people are glad have excited feelings

What is happiness ?

* It is important to first understand that the term ‘’happiness ‘’ refers to the emotion ,mood ,and state of happiness ,however researchers generally study the more enduring ‘’state”
* Expression happiness is used to expression happiness feelings when we are successful to do something.

What would you say to express you happiness ?

* I’m happy because……….
* Fantastic
* Great
* My life’s fun of happy day
* You make me happy
* I’m so glad that you
* I like ……..
* I love……..
* I’m statistied with
* I’m pleased with
* Congratulation !!

We can happiness expression of by :

* Word( kata-kata)
* Gestures ( gerakan )

For the example of dialouge about happiness expression:

sean : What do you accept from your birthday ,jau?

jau : Fantastic ,I can a new bag from my father. That’s new bag .

It is very good

sean : Oh, I ‘m happy too hear it.

jau : Thank’z ,sean

sean : You are welcome

Description :

Often times students are not able to communicate clearly what they would like to say. It is the purpose of this lesson to help student understand the need to be articulate and precise when explain steps to another student. In addition the student listening will learn to be a more effective listener.

Goals :

Students will understand the need to be articulate when communicating

Background Information :

This activity will teach students to explain what they see and guide another students in reproducing the drawing by what they are told.

Objectives :

1. The students will use descriptive explication to guide another students in completing the task.

2. The students will explain the importance of being articulate and frustrasion when directions are unclear.

Concept :

Students wil be able to :

1. Explain and articulate the steps to reproducing a drawing

2. Follow directions as closely as possible

3. Communicate with fellow students to accomplish the given task.

Description :

Often times students are not able to communicate clearly what they would like to say. It is the purpose of this lesson to help student understand the need to be articulate and precise when explain steps to another student. In addition the student listening will learn to be a more effective listener.

Goals :

Students will understand the need to be articulate when communicating

Background Information :

This activity will teach students to explain what they see and guide another students in reproducing the drawing by what they are told.

Objectives :

1. The students will use descriptive explication to guide another students in completing the task.

2. The students will explain the importance of being articulate and frustrasion when directions are unclear.

Concept :

Students wil be able to :

1. Explain and articulate the steps to reproducing a drawing

2. Follow directions as closely as possible

3. Communicate with fellow students to accomplish the given task.

Reading process analysis helps readers become aware of the de mands of different text and the strategies that they use to meet those demands in their efforts to make meaning as they read. By sharing reflections on their own reading process in a group. Readers learn from each other’s processes and appropriate new strategies. They also begin to see reading as a complex activity that requires flexible application of many strategies. This is often on importanst new awereness for many readers. This is a process that bears, repetition. Especially as readers encounter different.

Good readers strategies

- rend tast (change the speed of their reading depending on how difficult the text is).

- Re – read

- Ask questions

- Have a reason to read (set a purpose)

- Think about what they know already that’s related (use background know ledge).

For example, about topic genre, era, author …….

- say “this reminds me of my ……..”

(make personal connections)

- try to picture what the author is saying (visualize)

Good Reader Solve Probems With

- weird words (difficult vocabulary)

Read ahead

Re-read the previos sentence.

Write it down.

Substitute a word you know that sounds right and makes sense.

- Distractions (focusing attention)

- Disagreeing with the auther

- Being nervous (about reading aloud or reading for a test)

- Reading about something they don’t know much about.

- Knowing why to read something, or caring about something (setting a purpose).

GREETINGS

} Standard Competency :

To comprehend and express the meanings within the transactional and interpersonal conversations about greetings in the context of daily life

} Basic Competency :

To respond and express the meanings within the formal / informal transactional and interpersonal conversations accurately and fluently that contains the introduction expressions (greetingsIndicators :

} After having studied the material given, the students are expected to be able to:

} identify the expression meaning of greetings that contains self introduction, introducing other people and parting / ending conversation both orally and in written form

} respond the expression of greetings

} carry out transactional and interpersonal conversations involving the acts of greeting, introducing and parting

), invitation, and appointment

– Good Morning/Afternoon/Evening

– Hello, Ewo

– Hello, Agnes

– How are you?

– How’s everything with you?

advertisement

What is advertisement??
Advertisment is an information for persuading and motivating people so that they will attract to the service and the thing that are offered or informed.

Function of advertisement
*Promotion
*Communication
*Information

In making an advertisement keep the following points

Language of advertisement :
*using the corret or suitable words.
*using the interesting and suggestive expression.
*using positive expression.
*text of advertisement should be directed to the goals.
Content of advertisement :
*Objective
*Brief and clear
* Not allude group or other producer.


Content of advertismenet
· Objective and honest
· Brief and clear
· Not macking to group or other producer.
· Attractive attention.

Advertisement have 2(two)meaning
1. advertisement is a comercial solicitation designed to sell commodity,service or similar.
-companies try to sell their products usin.
Advertisement in from or palacards,television,sport and print
publication.
2. advertisement is a public noties
-the city council placed an advertisement in the local newspaperin informs it resident of the forthcom in road works.
Advertisement is refers to all people many advertisement are disigend to generate increased consumption of those products and service through the creation and reinforcement of brand image “N” barand loyality.

Example ::

Job vacancy advertisement
Antang kalang hotel in Palangka Raya is presently looking for :
1.sales manager
2.chief accountant.
3.purchasing manager.
4.restaurant manager.
5.Banquet coordinator.
6.assistant chief engineer.
7.bar staf/waiter/waitresses

Gaining attention

Gaining attention is away or expression that is spoken so that other people will pay their attention to what we want to.

If you want to gain attention of some people you can use this :
· attention, please
· may i have your attention, please
· excuses me, look here !
· listen to me, please !
· waiter ?
· I’m sorry,but..
· Wow really ?


Example ::

- jau :”excuse me,anybody here can give me some food?”

- Aldy :”listen to me guys,if we still noisy in class,we will get punishment.”

Giving instruction

Giving instruction is an expression that is used in order that other person
does what we instruct or request.

The example expressions of giving instruction :

*open your book !
*close the door,please !
*move the chair!
*open the window!
*pass me the sugar,please!
*stand up,please!